POEM : Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman

Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman

Rounding the Galaxy,
A golden star feels sensation,
Suddenly it decides to come in this world as man,
He is nobody,
He is Bangabhandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman.

Staying in this world,
You were always dedicated for the people,
You voice was always active,
For the rights of the people of East Pakistan.

You gave the Six Points ”
To save the rights of East Pakistan,
Although West Pakistan denied it,
To continue repression on us.

Antagonists tortured on you,
But you endured it,
You were the great person,
Dedicated for East Pakistan.

When you understood,
The necessity of liberation war,
You declared the war of independence,
Against repressive West Pakistan.

You gifted us an independent Bangladesh,
Nation acknowledges it,
You are our golden leader,
Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman.

Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, a charismatic leader

Bangabandhu affixes his signature to the draft of the Constitution of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh.

The people of Bangladesh observed a National Mourning Day on August 15 in memory of father of the nation, Sheikh Mujibur. Better known as Bangabandhu, he was an outstanding orator and hugely a charismatic personality matched by few. His whole life was full of constant struggle and it is difficult to keep a count on how many times he was sent behind the bars. I was a young officer of information ministry in 1969 when Sheikh Mujibur Rahman came to Rawalpindi to attend all-parties conference convened by President Ayub Khan. It was during this visit I had the first and the last occasion to see Sh. Sahib when my late elder brother, Riaz Ahmed Pirzada, President of Rawalpindi, Awami League invited him for a lunch. I distinctly remember that while talking on the religion and the state, Sh Sahib had said, “Religion is the weakest bond between the two Wings. There are several independent Muslim countries but these cannot group into one sovereign state. Remember anything that could keep us united was only possible when 6-Points are implemented in letter and spirit.” The same day Mujib walked out of all-parties conference when his call for acceptance of 6-Points and the demands of other political parties were rejected by Ayub Khan.Sh Mujib’s life was such a long drawn struggle as a nationalist leader that not even a small fraction of it can be reviewed in these columns. However, an attempt is being made to touch upon only few traits of his political career. Sh Mujibur Rahman became a political activist at young age when he joined the All India Muslim Students Federation in 1940. By his hard work and unflinching faith in his abilities he soon impressed a veteran political leader and one of the stalwarts of freedom movement, Husain Shaheed Suhrawardy, who later founded the Awami League. Sh Mujib actively participated in the Pakistan movement under the leadership of Suhrawardy. After independence as a student political leader, Mujib rose in East Pakistani politics and within the ranks of the Awami League he was a charismatic and forceful orator. Following Suhrawardy’s death in 1963, Mujib became President of the Awami League. He was one of the key leaders to rally opposition to President Ayub Khan’s Basic Democracies plan, the imposition of martial law and the one-unit scheme which centralized power. In 1966, Mujib proclaimed a 6-Point plan titled “Our Charter of Survival” at a national conference of opposition political parties at Lahore. Briefly the 6 Points were: 1. Federation of Pakistan in its true sense 2. Federal government to deal with only defense and foreign affairs 3. Separate currencies for East and West Pakistan 4.Collection of taxes to be a provincial subject 5. Separate foreign accounts for East and West Pakistan. 6. Separate militia/paramilitary forces for East Pakistan. His Six-Point programme was however viewed in West Pakistan by some politicians and the government as a secessionist move.Mujib was arrested for what is known as Agartala conspiracy case in 1968 for allegedly conspiring with the Indian government for separation from Pakistan but was not found guilty. He was released before the all-parties conference called by Ayub Khan. Talks with Ayub Khan of combined opposition parties broke down. Ayub Khan could not face the countrywide demonstrations against his government and failing to meet popular demands like parliamentary form of government on the basis of adult franchise instead of Basic Democracies. Instead of transferring power according to the constitution to the speaker of the national assembly, Jabbar Khan, a Bangali, Ayub Khan handed over reigns of the government to Gen Yahya Khan who imposed martial law. As a tribute to Jabbar Khan it has to be said that he was extremely polite but firm in conducting the proceedings’ of the assembly. He was one of few speakers that there was never any uproar by the members in the assembly against his rulings. Indeed he was a very much-respected person.Unrest over continuing denial of democracy spread. On December 5, 1969 Mujib made a declaration at a public meeting held to observe the death anniversary of Suhrawardy that henceforth East Pakistan would be called ‘Bangladesh.’ Mujib’s declaration heightened tensions across the country. The West Pakistani politicians and the military began to see him as a separatist leader. He had been asserting for Bengali cultural and ethnic identity and also re-defining the debate over regional autonomy. Yahya Khan held elections in December 1970 which were said to be most fair and transparent but the election result revealed a polarisation between the two wings of Pakistan. Awami League and Peoples Party swept the polls in the two Wings. Mujib emerged as leader with largest number of seats but Z A Bhutto thought that transfer of power to Mujib could signal disintegration of the country as Awami League did not get a single seat in West Pakistan. But so did Pakistan Peoples Party failing to get a seat in East Pakistan. Bhutto threatened to boycott the assembly and oppose the government if Mujib was invited by Yahya Khan to form the next government, demanding his party’s inclusion. Detailed meetings of Sh Mujib were held in Dhaka with Bhutto and representatives of Yahya Khan but no feasible solution was found though it was reported those days that Mujib was prepared to show some flexibility but not on fundamentals of Six Points. There was deadlock and Yahya Khan was devoid of any vision or perception to tackle the situation politically. As a general he decided to solve the problem with the use of force. Yahya Khan declared martial law, banned the Awami League and ordered the army to arrest Mujib and other Bengali leaders and activists. The army launched Operation Search Light to curb the political and civil unrest, fighting the nationalist militias that were believed to have received training in India. What happened next is a painful and gory tale of sufferings of people of East Pakistan.Sheikh Mujib was arrested, but many of his supporters managed to escape to India, where they declared a provisional government for East Pakistan. After Mujib’s arrest a guerrilla war erupted between government forces and Bengali nationalists aided by India. An all-out war started between the Pakistan Army and Bangladesh-India Joint Forces and there was death and destruction everywhere. After 9 months of resistance and unrelenting struggle for independence, Mujibur Rahman on March 26, 1971 called for Bangladesh as an independent state. Mujib was arrested and moved to West Pakistan and kept under heavy guard in a jail in Faisalbad. In December 1971, Pakistani military troops led by Gen AAK Niazi surrendered to Indian Gen Jagjit Sing Arora in Dhaka. On January 8, 1972 following the official ending of hostilities, Mujib was released by Bhutto government. He flew to New Delhi via London and after meeting Indian prime minister Indira Gandhi, he came to Bangladesh as national hero and father of the nation. Mujib assumed office as a provisional president, and later prime minister. He charged the provisional parliament to write a new constitution, and proclaimed the four fundamental principles of “nationalism, secularism, democracy and socialism,” which came to be known as “Mujibism.” A constitution for Bangladesh was proclaimed in 1973. Incidentally the same year ZA Bhutto got approved a new constitution of Pakistan from National Assembly. Like ZA Bhutto, Mujib nationalised hundreds of industries and companies and initiated land reform aimed at helping millions of poor farmers. By and large the experiment of nationalisation of industries by both Mujib and Bhutto proved to be disastrous pushing the economies on the back foot. Major efforts were made by Mujib government to rehabilitate an estimated 10 million refugees. However the economy of Bangladesh began recovering and a famine was prevented. So the two sovereign states simultaneously were on road to process of rebuilding and restructuring of their economies. Mujib made a significant trip to Lahore in 1974 to attend the OIC summit, which helped repair relations with Pakistan to an extent. But he did not live long to see normalisation of relations between Pakistan and Bangladesh. On August 15, 1975, a group of junior army officers invaded his residence with tanks and brutally killed Mujib, his family and the personal staff. Only his daughters, Sheikh Hasina Wajid and Sheikh Rehana survived because they were abroad at that time.In life he was a hero of Bengalis and in death he is revered as father of the nation.
(The writer is a columnist, analyst and former Pak diplomat)

By Ayaz Ahmed Pirzada

Published By :

Bangladesh Today (Dhaka) August 16,2008
Pakistan Observer (August 20,2008)
The Independent (Dhaka ) August 22,2008

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Struggle of the Phoenix

I recently met an old woman passing her days by in a wheelchair. Time takes its toll on even the best of us, and looking at this eighty plus elegant lady I instinctively realized that she would like nothing better than a happy exit from our grind. I used to regularly take her comments while working at the Deutsche Welle, Germany. In the 1950s Ruqayya Jafri was an active politician, she learnt politics from Suhrawardy while on campaign trail in North Bengal. Amongst her contemporaries Shaikh Mujib was also a part of their journey.

Ruqayya Jafri later became more friends with Fatema Jinnah, but her admiration for Mujib remains the same till date. They had an interesting dynamics, she would constantly suggest books to Mujib to read and persistently followed up on that reading. Even though there were times when Mujib could barely take out time from his political commitments, he would sacrifice whatever little personal time he had to read the fat volumes. It was either that or to face Ruqayya apa. That was the culture of diversity and political tolerance which Shaikh Mujib tried to maintain throughout his life. His friendships remained illuminated even when the friends chose to follow a different or adverse political cause.

Mujib never took food without ensuring the same for his team members. Ruqayya Jafri can recall so many occasions like that. In her eyes Mujib was an extraordinary man deeply in love with the soil and soul of Bengal. She is witness to several political brainstorming sessions between Mujib and his mentor Suhrawardy, always in impeccable English. To her that was the time Mujib was passionately preparing himself for a freedom flight.

During our discussion, she asked me about the impression that Mujib carries today among the masses of Bangladesh after decades for historical distortions. She didn’t need my answer as she knows the strength of the Phoenix, but she is clearly hurt by BNP’s defamation of Mujib. In all her time in Pakistan Ruqayya Jafri never saw Bhutto’s People’s Party utter a single word against Jinnah, just as defaming Gandhiji is disliked in India. She is a Bengali woman, so it’s heartbreaking for her to see her race dishonoring their Father of the Nation. Atleast for this sensitivity she still carries respect for Indians and Pakistanis.

While working as a civil servant in 1999 at the National Broadcasting House in Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka, I was pleasantly surprised to find that the personal logistic staff assigned to me had served our father of the nation during his early years. It was also a matter for honor for me, so while I preferred to carry my own files, he assisted me like an ancient mariner serving me with his memories of Dhanmondi 32 Line.

To this ancient mariner Bangabandhu was an easygoing, informal man, with a sense of humor, who would often inquire about this little man’s personal wellbeing, generously tipping him whenever he could. He narrated Bangabanghu as his dream man who never took dinner without ensuring this orderly’s food, who didn’t differentiate between affections for his own children and the kids of his domestic helps.

Ruqayya Jafri in Karachi seconded the tales of this orderly, who is now in his seventies, wears specs and gazes at the sky to salute the star who always had a smile for him. This orderly withdrew from society after the killing of Dhamandi 32. He lost his position, was tortured by war criminals and his claims for getting his job back were repeatedly refused by the Jatiyo party and BNP governments. So in 1997 he got in touch with prime minister Shaikh Hasina and got his job back. But by then he had lost his concentration and even his appetite. I found him to be in a constant sense of trauma. While working for an audience program on Bangabandhu, I saw him fixing the photograph of the father of the nation with pain and tears.

In 2001 when BNP-Jamaat took over the reign, BNP cadres started ragging him. I was organizing an exit strategy for myself and in the process tried to get him a job at the Bishya Sahityo Kendra (World Literature Center, Dhaka) or some other good place like that, but he stopped me from doing do. He had lost all interest in a job. We separated on July 31, 2002, with tears and uncertainity. However, I will be ever grateful to this ancient mariner for showing me how the Phoenix rose from the ashes, and for helping me reinforce my belief in Shaikh Mujibur Rahman.

I have omitted this ancient mariner’s name deliberately to ensure his safety because he is among the few living proofs of the supermanhood of Bangabandhu.

 Author : By Maskwaith Ahsan

Bangabandhu’s long shadow on History

Bangabandhu

Sheikh Mujibur Rahman was a tall man for a Bangali but his larger than life image in history is not because of his physical size, it is because of his giant-like ability to mould events and his unique success is creating new reality in the form of an independent country.  Thus when he was tragically cut down along with his family members on this day in 1975, instead of being forgotten or diminished his memory has risen continuously, now containing the tragic aura of his death and creating for all Bangalis a timeless national myth.  In a survey of BBC listeners he was described as the Greatest Bangali of all times, even surpassing such legend as Rabindranath Thakur.

Death is common and inevitable; we all will succumb to it in one way or another.  But the truly great surpasses physical annihilation precisely because they manage to etch their presence in our collective psyche so powerfully that physical absence does not make them forgotten or invisible.  Bangabandhu etched in our minds a dream of Nationhood and then made  it  a reality through undaunted struggles lasting for a decade.  Through his life’s work he turned our diffuse aspiration for autonomy into a vibrant and inevitable struggle for National Freedom.  No death can ever make his work forgotten.

To me the awesome power of what he had managed to accomplish came long after I left Bangladesh .  In Bangladesh through the endless drama of unfolding events seen from close proximity I did not have a good perspective of the grand sweep of history that made our nation.  But after leaving Bangladesh in 1979, long after Bangabandhu had been killed I encountered the power of his presence in New York in front of the UN plaza one afternoon.  I remember standing there and witnessing the flag of Bangladesh fluttering in the wind.  But that flag resplendant in the green and red is also not what made me realize the role of Bangabandhu.  What made me realize the uniqueness of our Nationhood and his role in it is when I witnessed all afternoon processions after processions of diverse would-be nationalities coming to UN plaza and putting up the case of their own Nationhood.  Large masses of humanity, Kurds, Basques, Tamils, Palestinians, people who aspire for Nationhood, but perhaps would have hard time ever getting it,  congregated in front of  the UN and  showed their passionate wish in speeches, festoons, and through plain anguish on their faces.  I watched them intently for a few hours and suddenly it dawned on me how lucky we were that we have been blessed with those unique events in 1970 and 1971 that culminated in what even five years before, in 1965  would have been considered impossible.

To be sure at an abstract level Bangali Nationhood has been a  fuzzy poetic dream of many great Bangalis.  Rabindranath spoke about Bangladesh but never really saw it outside the map of India ; Netaji, though a great Bangali only thought in the context of United India; Shyamaprasad-  Fazlul Haque alliance was only a short dream and Suhrawardy-Sharat Basu proposal for united Bangla was only a proposed confederation.  It took  twenty plus years of tortuous journey through the dream of Pakistan for the audacious Bangali dream of complete and unquestionalble nationhood to emerge.   It took unique events of 1952 and then 1969 to mature it.  It took visionaries such as Sirajul Alam Khan to nurture it through days of adversity.  It transformed Awami League from a electoral party of Pakistan nurtured by Mr. Suhrawardy into an agent of National Liberation.  And through all these events it was the powerful persona of Bangabandhu that galvanized it, shaped it and propelled it in the direction of total and uncompromising nationhood.  It was a psychological transformation of stopping to  think about a province with autonomy, into thinking of a Nation.  And that audacity of dream was delivered by the win of Awami League in the National elections of 1970.  It was a grand strike where the volatile feeling of cultural awakening mixed with powerful electoral win and through blood and fire suddenly converted a whole population into a custodian of a true Nation.  It was a unique event in the history of South Asia and probably the most important event in the lives of Bangla speaking people.

Many years ago while describing India ’s independence Pandit Nehru wrote

 “A moment comes, which comes but rarely in history, when we step out from the old to the new, when an age ends, and when the soul of a nation, long suppressed, finds utterance.”

For us, that historic utterance was in Bangabandhu’s voice in Ramna in March 1971

 “The struggle this time is one of Independence ”.

Today let us remember him through those pronouncements that electrified the Bangali Nation.  For every day that Bangladesh lives we pay tribute to this great son of our soil, who through his passionate courage, and indomitable energy, harnessed the aspiration of our timeless yearning of nationhood and turned it into reality.

The events of 1975, tragic though they are will never tarnish or weaken the name of Bangabandhu.  He has made his mark on history itself; where his long shadow will display his presence for untold years to come.

Author : Abed Chaudhury